A broadband X-ray imaging spectroscopy in the 2030s: the FORCE mission

Koji Mori; Takeshi G. Tsuru; Kazuhiro Nakazawa; Yoshihiro Ueda; Shin Watanabe; Takaaki Tanaka; Manabu Ishida; Hironori Matsumoto; Hisamitsu Awaki; Hiroshi Murakami; Masayoshi Nobukawa; Ayaki Takeda; Yasushi Fukazawa; Hiroshi Tsunemi; Tadayuki Takahashi; Ann Hornschemeier; Takashi Okajima; William W. Zhang; Brian J. Williams; Tonia Venters; Kristin Madsen; Mihoko Yukita; Hiroki Akamatsu; Aya Bamba; Teruaki Enoto; Yutaka Fujita; Akihiro Furuzawa; Kouichi Hagino; Kosei Ishimura; Masayuki Itoh; Tetsu Kitayama; Shogo Kobayashi; Takayoshi Kohmura; Aya Kubota; Misaki Mizumoto; Tsunefumi Mizuno; Hiroshi Nakajima; Kumiko K. Nobukawa; Hirofumi Noda; Hirokazu Odaka; Naomi Ota; Toshiki Sato; Megumi Shidatsu; Hiromasa Suzuki; Hiromitsu Takahashi; Atsushi Tanimoto; Yukikatsu Terada; Yuichi Terashima; Hiroyuki Uchida; Yasunobu Uchiyama; Hiroya Yamaguchi; Yoichi Yatsu

doi:10.1117/12.2628772

A broadband X-ray imaging spectroscopy in the 2030s: the FORCE mission

Koji Mori, Takeshi G. Tsuru, Kazuhiro Nakazawa, Yoshihiro Ueda, Shin Watanabe, Takaaki Tanaka, Manabu Ishida, Hironori Matsumoto, Hisamitsu Awaki, Hiroshi Murakami, Masayoshi Nobukawa, Ayaki Takeda, Yasushi Fukazawa, Hiroshi Tsunemi, Tadayuki Takahashi, Ann Hornschemeier, Takashi Okajima, William W. Zhang, Brian J. Williams, Tonia VentersKristin Madsen, Mihoko Yukita, Hiroki Akamatsu, Aya Bamba, Teruaki Enoto, Yutaka Fujita, Akihiro Furuzawa, Kouichi Hagino, Kosei Ishimura, Masayuki Itoh, Tetsu Kitayama, Shogo Kobayashi, Takayoshi Kohmura, Aya Kubota, Misaki Mizumoto, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Hiroshi Nakajima, Kumiko K. Nobukawa, Hirofumi Noda, Hirokazu Odaka, Naomi Ota, Toshiki Sato, Megumi Shidatsu, Hiromasa Suzuki, Hiromitsu Takahashi, Atsushi Tanimoto, Yukikatsu Terada, Yuichi Terashima, Hiroyuki Uchida, Yasunobu Uchiyama, Hiroya Yamaguchi, Yoichi Yatsu

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

Abstract

In this multi-messenger astronomy era, all the observational probes are improving their sensitivities and overall performance. The Focusing on Relativistic universe and Cosmic Evolution (FORCE) mission, the product of a JAXA/NASA collaboration, will reach a 10 times higher sensitivity in the hard X-ray band (E > 10 keV) in comparison with any previous hard X-ray missions, and provide simultaneous soft X-ray coverage. FORCE aims to be launched in the early 2030s, providing a perfect hard X-ray complement to the ESA flagship mission Athena. FORCE will be the most powerful X-ray probe for discovering obscured/hidden black holes and studying high energy particle acceleration in our Universe and will address how relativistic processes in the universe are realized and how these affect cosmic evolution. FORCE, which will operate over 1–79 keV, is equipped with two identical pairs of supermirrors and wideband X-ray imagers. The mirror and imager are connected by a high mechanical stiffness extensible optical bench with alignment monitor systems with a focal length of 12 m. A light-weight silicon mirror with multi-layer coating realizes a high angular resolution of < 15^′′ in half-power diameter in the broad bandpass. The imager is a hybrid of a brand-new SOI-CMOS silicon-pixel detector and a CdTe detector responsible for the softer and harder energy bands, respectively. FORCE will play an essential role in the multi-messenger astronomy in the 2030s with its broadband X-ray sensitivity.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2022
Subtitle of host publication	Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray
Editors	Jan-Willem A. den Herder, Shouleh Nikzad, Kazuhiro Nakazawa
Publisher	SPIE
ISBN (Electronic)	9781510653436
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2628772
Publication status	Published - 2022
Event	Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2022: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray - Montreal, United States Duration: 2022 Jul 17 → 2022 Jul 22

Publication series

Name	Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
Volume	12181
ISSN (Print)	0277-786X
ISSN (Electronic)	1996-756X

Conference

Conference	Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2022: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray
Country/Territory	United States
City	Montreal
Period	22/7/17 → 22/7/22

Keywords

CdTe
FORCE
SOI-CMOS
black hole
broadband X-ray imaging spectroscopy
particle acceleration
silicon mirror
supernova explosion

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Condensed Matter Physics
Computer Science Applications
Applied Mathematics
Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Access to Document

10.1117/12.2628772

Cite this

Mori, K., Tsuru, T. G., Nakazawa, K., Ueda, Y., Watanabe, S., Tanaka, T., Ishida, M., Matsumoto, H., Awaki, H., Murakami, H., Nobukawa, M., Takeda, A., Fukazawa, Y., Tsunemi, H., Takahashi, T., Hornschemeier, A., Okajima, T., Zhang, W. W., Williams, B. J., ... Yatsu, Y. (2022). A broadband X-ray imaging spectroscopy in the 2030s: the FORCE mission. In J-W. A. den Herder, S. Nikzad, & K. Nakazawa (Eds.), Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2022: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray [1218122] (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering; Vol. 12181). SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2628772

A broadband X-ray imaging spectroscopy in the 2030s: the FORCE mission. / Mori, Koji; Tsuru, Takeshi G.; Nakazawa, Kazuhiro et al.
Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2022: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray. ed. / Jan-Willem A. den Herder; Shouleh Nikzad; Kazuhiro Nakazawa. SPIE, 2022. 1218122 (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering; Vol. 12181).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

Mori, K, Tsuru, TG, Nakazawa, K, Ueda, Y, Watanabe, S, Tanaka, T, Ishida, M, Matsumoto, H, Awaki, H, Murakami, H, Nobukawa, M, Takeda, A, Fukazawa, Y, Tsunemi, H, Takahashi, T, Hornschemeier, A, Okajima, T, Zhang, WW, Williams, BJ, Venters, T, Madsen, K, Yukita, M, Akamatsu, H, Bamba, A, Enoto, T, Fujita, Y, Furuzawa, A, Hagino, K, Ishimura, K, Itoh, M, Kitayama, T, Kobayashi, S, Kohmura, T, Kubota, A, Mizumoto, M, Mizuno, T, Nakajima, H, Nobukawa, KK, Noda, H, Odaka, H, Ota, N, Sato, T, Shidatsu, M, Suzuki, H, Takahashi, H, Tanimoto, A, Terada, Y, Terashima, Y, Uchida, H, Uchiyama, Y, Yamaguchi, H & Yatsu, Y 2022, A broadband X-ray imaging spectroscopy in the 2030s: the FORCE mission. in J-WA den Herder, S Nikzad & K Nakazawa (eds), Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2022: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray., 1218122, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, vol. 12181, SPIE, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2022: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray, Montreal, United States, 22/7/17. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2628772

Mori K, Tsuru TG, Nakazawa K, Ueda Y, Watanabe S, Tanaka T et al. A broadband X-ray imaging spectroscopy in the 2030s: the FORCE mission. In den Herder J-WA, Nikzad S, Nakazawa K, editors, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2022: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray. SPIE. 2022. 1218122. (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering). doi: 10.1117/12.2628772

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title = "A broadband X-ray imaging spectroscopy in the 2030s: the FORCE mission",

abstract = "In this multi-messenger astronomy era, all the observational probes are improving their sensitivities and overall performance. The Focusing on Relativistic universe and Cosmic Evolution (FORCE) mission, the product of a JAXA/NASA collaboration, will reach a 10 times higher sensitivity in the hard X-ray band (E > 10 keV) in comparison with any previous hard X-ray missions, and provide simultaneous soft X-ray coverage. FORCE aims to be launched in the early 2030s, providing a perfect hard X-ray complement to the ESA flagship mission Athena. FORCE will be the most powerful X-ray probe for discovering obscured/hidden black holes and studying high energy particle acceleration in our Universe and will address how relativistic processes in the universe are realized and how these affect cosmic evolution. FORCE, which will operate over 1–79 keV, is equipped with two identical pairs of supermirrors and wideband X-ray imagers. The mirror and imager are connected by a high mechanical stiffness extensible optical bench with alignment monitor systems with a focal length of 12 m. A light-weight silicon mirror with multi-layer coating realizes a high angular resolution of < 15′′ in half-power diameter in the broad bandpass. The imager is a hybrid of a brand-new SOI-CMOS silicon-pixel detector and a CdTe detector responsible for the softer and harder energy bands, respectively. FORCE will play an essential role in the multi-messenger astronomy in the 2030s with its broadband X-ray sensitivity.",

keywords = "CdTe, FORCE, SOI-CMOS, black hole, broadband X-ray imaging spectroscopy, particle acceleration, silicon mirror, supernova explosion",

author = "Koji Mori and Tsuru, {Takeshi G.} and Kazuhiro Nakazawa and Yoshihiro Ueda and Shin Watanabe and Takaaki Tanaka and Manabu Ishida and Hironori Matsumoto and Hisamitsu Awaki and Hiroshi Murakami and Masayoshi Nobukawa and Ayaki Takeda and Yasushi Fukazawa and Hiroshi Tsunemi and Tadayuki Takahashi and Ann Hornschemeier and Takashi Okajima and Zhang, {William W.} and Williams, {Brian J.} and Tonia Venters and Kristin Madsen and Mihoko Yukita and Hiroki Akamatsu and Aya Bamba and Teruaki Enoto and Yutaka Fujita and Akihiro Furuzawa and Kouichi Hagino and Kosei Ishimura and Masayuki Itoh and Tetsu Kitayama and Shogo Kobayashi and Takayoshi Kohmura and Aya Kubota and Misaki Mizumoto and Tsunefumi Mizuno and Hiroshi Nakajima and Nobukawa, {Kumiko K.} and Hirofumi Noda and Hirokazu Odaka and Naomi Ota and Toshiki Sato and Megumi Shidatsu and Hiromasa Suzuki and Hiromitsu Takahashi and Atsushi Tanimoto and Yukikatsu Terada and Yuichi Terashima and Hiroyuki Uchida and Yasunobu Uchiyama and Hiroya Yamaguchi and Yoichi Yatsu",

note = "Funding Information: The measurements of the X-ray mirror for FORCE were done at SPring-8 2018B1172, 2019B1274, and 2020A1285. This work is partially supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP21H01095, JP20H00157, JP22H04572, JP21H04493, JP21H05461, JP21K18151, JP20H00175, JP19K14742. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 SPIE. All rights reserved.; Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2022: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray ; Conference date: 17-07-2022 Through 22-07-2022",

year = "2022",

doi = "10.1117/12.2628772",

language = "English",

series = "Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering",

publisher = "SPIE",

editor = "{den Herder}, {Jan-Willem A.} and Shouleh Nikzad and Kazuhiro Nakazawa",

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AU - Mori, Koji

AU - Tsuru, Takeshi G.

AU - Nakazawa, Kazuhiro

AU - Ueda, Yoshihiro

AU - Watanabe, Shin

AU - Tanaka, Takaaki

AU - Ishida, Manabu

AU - Matsumoto, Hironori

AU - Awaki, Hisamitsu

AU - Murakami, Hiroshi

AU - Nobukawa, Masayoshi

AU - Takeda, Ayaki

AU - Fukazawa, Yasushi

AU - Tsunemi, Hiroshi

AU - Takahashi, Tadayuki

AU - Hornschemeier, Ann

AU - Okajima, Takashi

AU - Zhang, William W.

AU - Williams, Brian J.

AU - Venters, Tonia

AU - Madsen, Kristin

AU - Yukita, Mihoko

AU - Akamatsu, Hiroki

AU - Bamba, Aya

AU - Enoto, Teruaki

AU - Fujita, Yutaka

AU - Furuzawa, Akihiro

AU - Hagino, Kouichi

AU - Ishimura, Kosei

AU - Itoh, Masayuki

AU - Kitayama, Tetsu

AU - Kobayashi, Shogo

AU - Kohmura, Takayoshi

AU - Kubota, Aya

AU - Mizumoto, Misaki

AU - Mizuno, Tsunefumi

AU - Nakajima, Hiroshi

AU - Nobukawa, Kumiko K.

AU - Noda, Hirofumi

AU - Odaka, Hirokazu

AU - Ota, Naomi

AU - Sato, Toshiki

AU - Shidatsu, Megumi

AU - Suzuki, Hiromasa

AU - Takahashi, Hiromitsu

AU - Tanimoto, Atsushi

AU - Terada, Yukikatsu

AU - Terashima, Yuichi

AU - Uchida, Hiroyuki

AU - Uchiyama, Yasunobu

AU - Yamaguchi, Hiroya

AU - Yatsu, Yoichi

N1 - Funding Information: The measurements of the X-ray mirror for FORCE were done at SPring-8 2018B1172, 2019B1274, and 2020A1285. This work is partially supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP21H01095, JP20H00157, JP22H04572, JP21H04493, JP21H05461, JP21K18151, JP20H00175, JP19K14742. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 SPIE. All rights reserved.

PY - 2022

Y1 - 2022

N2 - In this multi-messenger astronomy era, all the observational probes are improving their sensitivities and overall performance. The Focusing on Relativistic universe and Cosmic Evolution (FORCE) mission, the product of a JAXA/NASA collaboration, will reach a 10 times higher sensitivity in the hard X-ray band (E > 10 keV) in comparison with any previous hard X-ray missions, and provide simultaneous soft X-ray coverage. FORCE aims to be launched in the early 2030s, providing a perfect hard X-ray complement to the ESA flagship mission Athena. FORCE will be the most powerful X-ray probe for discovering obscured/hidden black holes and studying high energy particle acceleration in our Universe and will address how relativistic processes in the universe are realized and how these affect cosmic evolution. FORCE, which will operate over 1–79 keV, is equipped with two identical pairs of supermirrors and wideband X-ray imagers. The mirror and imager are connected by a high mechanical stiffness extensible optical bench with alignment monitor systems with a focal length of 12 m. A light-weight silicon mirror with multi-layer coating realizes a high angular resolution of < 15′′ in half-power diameter in the broad bandpass. The imager is a hybrid of a brand-new SOI-CMOS silicon-pixel detector and a CdTe detector responsible for the softer and harder energy bands, respectively. FORCE will play an essential role in the multi-messenger astronomy in the 2030s with its broadband X-ray sensitivity.

AB - In this multi-messenger astronomy era, all the observational probes are improving their sensitivities and overall performance. The Focusing on Relativistic universe and Cosmic Evolution (FORCE) mission, the product of a JAXA/NASA collaboration, will reach a 10 times higher sensitivity in the hard X-ray band (E > 10 keV) in comparison with any previous hard X-ray missions, and provide simultaneous soft X-ray coverage. FORCE aims to be launched in the early 2030s, providing a perfect hard X-ray complement to the ESA flagship mission Athena. FORCE will be the most powerful X-ray probe for discovering obscured/hidden black holes and studying high energy particle acceleration in our Universe and will address how relativistic processes in the universe are realized and how these affect cosmic evolution. FORCE, which will operate over 1–79 keV, is equipped with two identical pairs of supermirrors and wideband X-ray imagers. The mirror and imager are connected by a high mechanical stiffness extensible optical bench with alignment monitor systems with a focal length of 12 m. A light-weight silicon mirror with multi-layer coating realizes a high angular resolution of < 15′′ in half-power diameter in the broad bandpass. The imager is a hybrid of a brand-new SOI-CMOS silicon-pixel detector and a CdTe detector responsible for the softer and harder energy bands, respectively. FORCE will play an essential role in the multi-messenger astronomy in the 2030s with its broadband X-ray sensitivity.

KW - CdTe

KW - FORCE

KW - SOI-CMOS

KW - black hole

KW - broadband X-ray imaging spectroscopy

KW - particle acceleration

KW - silicon mirror

KW - supernova explosion

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DO - 10.1117/12.2628772

M3 - Conference contribution

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T3 - Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering

BT - Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2022

A2 - den Herder, Jan-Willem A.

A2 - Nikzad, Shouleh

A2 - Nakazawa, Kazuhiro

PB - SPIE

Y2 - 17 July 2022 through 22 July 2022

ER -

A broadband X-ray imaging spectroscopy in the 2030s: the FORCE mission

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Keywords

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