Effects of arrival direction of late sound on listener envelopment

Two kinds of psychological experiments are conducted to reconfirm the effect of late sound from directions other than lateral on LEV, which was reported in our previous paper, and to clarify the degrees of contribution of directional late energy to listener envelopment (LEV). In the first experiment, the levels of late sound arriving from four directions, namely, lateral, frontal, overhead, and back, are independently varied. The results reconfirm that not only the lateral level, but also the levels of late sound from above and behind the listener affect LEV significantly. In the second experiment, directional late energy ratios are varied keeping the total level of late energy constant. The results indicate the degrees of contribution of lateral, overhead, and back late energy to LEV.