Extracellular matrix induces periodontal ligament reconstruction in vivo

One of the problems in dental implant treatment is the lack of periodontal ligament (PDL), which supports teeth, prevents infection, and transduces sensations such as chewiness. The objective of the present study was to develop a decellularized PDL for supporting an artificial tooth. To this end, we prepared mouse decellularized mandible bone with a PDL matrix by high hydrostatic pressure and DNase and detergent treatments and evaluated its reconstruction in vivo. After tooth extraction, the decellularized mandible bone with PDL matrix was implanted under the subrenal capsule in rat and observed that host cells migrated into the matrix and oriented along the PDL collagen fibers. The extracted decellularized tooth and de-and re-calcified teeth, which was used as an artificial tooth model, were re-inserted into the decellularized mandible bone and implanted under the subrenal capsule in rat. The reconstructed PDL matrix for the extracted decellularized tooth resembled the decellularized mandible bone without tooth extraction. This demonstrates that decellularized PDL matrix can reconstruct PDL tissue by controlling host cell migration, which could serve as a novel periodontal treatment approach.