TY - JOUR
T1 - The use of response surface methodology as a statistical tool for the optimisation of waste and pure canola oil biodegradation by antarctic soil bacteria
AU - Zahri, Khadijah Nabilah Mohd
AU - Zulkharnain, Azham
AU - Gomez-Fuentes, Claudio
AU - Sabri, Suriana
AU - Khalil, Khalilah Abdul
AU - Convey, Peter
AU - Ahmad, Siti Aqlima
N1 - Funding Information:
This project was financially supported by Putra-IPM fund under the research grant attached to S.A. Ahmad (GPM-2018/9660000, GPM-2019/9678900, 2017/9300436) disbursed by Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) and YPASM Smart Partnership Initiative (6300247) by Sultan Mizan Antarctic Research Foundation (YPASM). P. Convey is supported by NERC core funding to the BAS ‘Biodiversity, Ecosystems and Adaptation’ Team. C.G. Fuentes is supported by Centro de Investigacion y Monitoreo Ambiental Antàrctico (CIMAA) Project. Acknowledgments: The authors would like to thank Universiti Putra Malaysia, Centro de Investi-gacion y Monitoreo Ambiental Antàrctico (CIMAA), Sultan Mizan Antarctic Research Foundation (YPASM) and National Antarctic Research Centre (NARC). The authors also would like to thanks Chilean Army and the Antarctic General Bernardo O’Higgins Station staff especially the Comandante de la Base O’Higgins; Teniente Coronel Jose Ignacio Alvarado Camps, the Comandante de la seccion de exploracion y rescate O’higgins; Capitan Rene Salgado Rebolledo and the staff; especially the Chef; Suboficial Juan David Sandoval Navarrete and Sargento Juan Eduardo Cortinez Padovani.
Funding Information:
Funding: This project was financially supported by Putra-IPM fund under the research grant attached to S.A. Ahmad (GPM-2018/9660000, GPM-2019/9678900, 2017/9300436) disbursed by Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) and YPASM Smart Partnership Initiative (6300247) by Sultan Mizan Antarctic Research Foundation (YPASM). P. Convey is supported by NERC core funding to the BAS ‘Biodiversity, Ecosystems and Adaptation’ Team. C.G. Fuentes is supported by Centro de Investigacion y Monitoreo Ambiental Antàrctico (CIMAA) Project.
Funding Information:
Acknowledgments: The authors would like to thank Universiti Putra Malaysia, Centro de Investi-gacion y Monitoreo Ambiental Antàrctico (CIMAA), Sultan Mizan Antarctic Research Foundation (YPASM) and National Antarctic Research Centre (NARC). The authors also would like to thanks Chilean Army and the Antarctic General Bernardo O’Higgins Station staff especially the Comandante de la Base O’Higgins; Teniente Coronel Jose Ignacio Alvarado Camps, the Comandante de la seccion de exploracion y rescate O’higgins; Capitan Rene Salgado Rebolledo and the staff; especially the Chef; Suboficial Juan David Sandoval Navarrete and Sargento Juan Eduardo Cortinez Padovani.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/5
Y1 - 2021/5
N2 - Hydrocarbons can cause pollution to Antarctic terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, both through accidental release and the discharge of waste cooking oil in grey water. Such pollutants can persist for long periods in cold environments. The native microbial community may play a role in their biodegradation. In this study, using mixed native Antarctic bacterial communities, several environmental factors influencing biodegradation of waste canola oil (WCO) and pure canola oil (PCO) were optimised using established one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) and response surface methodology (RSM) approaches. The factors include salinity, pH, type of nitrogen and concentration, temperature, yeast extract and initial substrate concentration in OFAT and only the significant factors proceeded for the statistical optimisation through RSM. High concentration of substrate targeted for degradation activity through RSM compared to OFAT method. As for the result, all factors were significant in PBD, while only 4 factors were significant in biodegradation of PCO (pH, nitrogen concentration, yeast extract and initial substrate concentration). Using OFAT, the most effective microbial community examined was able to degrade 94.42% and 86.83% (from an initial concentration of 0.5% (v/v)) of WCO and PCO, respectively, within 7 days. Using RSM, 94.99% and 79.77% degradation of WCO and PCO was achieved in 6 days. The significant interaction for the RSM in biodegradation activity between temperature and WCO concentration in WCO media were exhibited. Meanwhile, in biodegradation of PCO the significant factors were between (1) pH and PCO concentration, (2) nitrogen concentration and yeast extract, (3) nitrogen concentration and PCO concentration. The models for the RSM were validated for both WCO and PCO media and it showed no significant difference between experimental and predicted values. The efficiency of canola oil biodegradation achieved in this study provides support for the development of practical strategies for efficient bioremediation in the Antarctic environment.
AB - Hydrocarbons can cause pollution to Antarctic terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, both through accidental release and the discharge of waste cooking oil in grey water. Such pollutants can persist for long periods in cold environments. The native microbial community may play a role in their biodegradation. In this study, using mixed native Antarctic bacterial communities, several environmental factors influencing biodegradation of waste canola oil (WCO) and pure canola oil (PCO) were optimised using established one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) and response surface methodology (RSM) approaches. The factors include salinity, pH, type of nitrogen and concentration, temperature, yeast extract and initial substrate concentration in OFAT and only the significant factors proceeded for the statistical optimisation through RSM. High concentration of substrate targeted for degradation activity through RSM compared to OFAT method. As for the result, all factors were significant in PBD, while only 4 factors were significant in biodegradation of PCO (pH, nitrogen concentration, yeast extract and initial substrate concentration). Using OFAT, the most effective microbial community examined was able to degrade 94.42% and 86.83% (from an initial concentration of 0.5% (v/v)) of WCO and PCO, respectively, within 7 days. Using RSM, 94.99% and 79.77% degradation of WCO and PCO was achieved in 6 days. The significant interaction for the RSM in biodegradation activity between temperature and WCO concentration in WCO media were exhibited. Meanwhile, in biodegradation of PCO the significant factors were between (1) pH and PCO concentration, (2) nitrogen concentration and yeast extract, (3) nitrogen concentration and PCO concentration. The models for the RSM were validated for both WCO and PCO media and it showed no significant difference between experimental and predicted values. The efficiency of canola oil biodegradation achieved in this study provides support for the development of practical strategies for efficient bioremediation in the Antarctic environment.
KW - Antarctic bacterial consortium
KW - One-factor-at-a-time
KW - Pure canola oil
KW - Response surface methodology
KW - Waste canola oil
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85107236844&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85107236844&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/life11050456
DO - 10.3390/life11050456
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85107236844
SN - 0024-3019
VL - 11
JO - Life
JF - Life
IS - 5
M1 - 456
ER -