TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of Relative Humidity During Curing on Small-Strain Modulus of Cement-Treated Silty Sand
AU - Barus, Rizki Maretia Novi
AU - Jotisankasa, Apiniti
AU - Chaiprakaikeow, Susit
AU - Nontananandh, Supakij
AU - Inazumi, Shinya
AU - Sawangsuriya, Auckpath
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was partially funded by Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University and Department of Highways, Thailand. Technical supports by staffs and students of Geotechnical Division, and the material innovation center of Kasetsart University are gratefully acknowledged. Dr. Oratai Jongprateep is also thanked for valuable discussions.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
PY - 2021/3
Y1 - 2021/3
N2 - This study investigated the effects of relative humidity (Rh) or total suction condition during curing on small-strain shear modulus (G0) of a cement-treated silty sand using free-free resonant frequency tests (FFR). The moduli were determined on samples cured at different suctions corresponding to three Rh values of 7%, 75%, and 100%, in both unsoaked and soaked conditions. Soil–water retention curves (SWRCs), and unconfined compression strength (UCS) were also determined along with x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The cement-treated SWRCs showed a much flatter slope than the non-treated ones, and the air-entry suction increased with cement content. The values of G0 increased with cement content and curing time. The highest modulus was achieved in 75%Rh curing condition. The 7%Rh condition resulted in a significant drop in modulus, even close to the non-treated G0 for the 2% cement case. At the same UCS value, the soaked cement-treated samples had higher modulus than the non-treated ones in the unsoaked condition, indicating that the effect of suction on modulus was smaller than the effect of cementation. XRD analysis revealed a greater availability of C3S in 7%Rh curing condition at 7-day curing period suggesting that the hydration process was still not complete, which explained the decrease in G0 in this curing condition.
AB - This study investigated the effects of relative humidity (Rh) or total suction condition during curing on small-strain shear modulus (G0) of a cement-treated silty sand using free-free resonant frequency tests (FFR). The moduli were determined on samples cured at different suctions corresponding to three Rh values of 7%, 75%, and 100%, in both unsoaked and soaked conditions. Soil–water retention curves (SWRCs), and unconfined compression strength (UCS) were also determined along with x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The cement-treated SWRCs showed a much flatter slope than the non-treated ones, and the air-entry suction increased with cement content. The values of G0 increased with cement content and curing time. The highest modulus was achieved in 75%Rh curing condition. The 7%Rh condition resulted in a significant drop in modulus, even close to the non-treated G0 for the 2% cement case. At the same UCS value, the soaked cement-treated samples had higher modulus than the non-treated ones in the unsoaked condition, indicating that the effect of suction on modulus was smaller than the effect of cementation. XRD analysis revealed a greater availability of C3S in 7%Rh curing condition at 7-day curing period suggesting that the hydration process was still not complete, which explained the decrease in G0 in this curing condition.
KW - Cement-treated soil
KW - Free-free resonant frequency method
KW - Relative humidity
KW - Small-strain shear modulus
KW - Total suction
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U2 - 10.1007/s10706-020-01614-w
DO - 10.1007/s10706-020-01614-w
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85095439694
SN - 0263-4546
VL - 39
SP - 2131
EP - 2146
JO - International Journal of Mining Engineering
JF - International Journal of Mining Engineering
IS - 3
ER -